A brain aneurysm is a weakened area in the wall of a brain artery that bulges outward like a small balloon. While many aneurysms remain silent for years, others may rupture and cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a life-threatening emergency. Modern cerebrovascular care focuses on early detection, precise imaging, and advanced microsurgical...
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal tangle of arteries and veins within the brain that disrupts normal blood flow. Because the vessels are fragile and lack capillaries, AVMs can rupture, causing brain hemorrhage, seizures, or progressive neurological symptoms. Modern AVM treatment combines microsurgery, endovascular embolization, and stereotactic radiosurgery to eliminate...
A cavernous malformation, also called a cavernoma, is a cluster of abnormally dilated blood vessels that form a sponge-like lesion within the brain or spinal cord. Unlike AVMs, cavernomas have slow blood flow and no direct connection between arteries and veins. However, their fragile vessel walls can leak or bleed over...
Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular condition in which the main arteries at the base of the brain — especially the internal carotid arteries — gradually narrow or close. To compensate, the brain develops a fragile network of tiny collateral vessels that resemble a “puff of smoke” on angiography (in Japanese,...
Carotid artery stenosis refers to the narrowing of the main arteries in the neck (carotid arteries) that supply blood to the brain. This condition is usually caused by atherosclerosis — a buildup of fatty plaque on the vessel walls — which increases the risk of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic...
